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The Irish hierarchy’s pastoral letter of 1922 forbidding republicans from receiving the sacraments showed a partisanship not appreciated by Rome, writes Gabriel Doherty

Global Influence was a crucial weapon in the fight for independence at home, writes Professor Fearghal McGarry, Queen's ¸£Àû1000ÔÚÏß Belfast

1922 was characterised by the fight between practical politics and physical fighting that combusted into conflict, writes Dr Ciara Meehan

Given its fraught legacy, the Irish Civil War and its memory will not be easily moulded to fit official centenary agendas, writes Gavin Foster, Associate Professor in the School of Irish Studies, Concordia ¸£Àû1000ÔÚÏß, Montreal

Violence and sectarian attacks accompanied the troubled birth of a new Ireland and typified the new Free State's early days, writes Dr Gemma Clark, ¸£Àû1000ÔÚÏß of Exeter 

Some women joined resistance groups, some remained in the home, but most of them suffered, writes Dr Fionnuala Walsh, ¸£Àû1000ÔÚÏß College Dublin 

In its early years, a fledgling yet paternalistic Irish state was determined to wrest democratic control from local authorities, writes Dr Aodh Quinlivan, Department of Government and Politics, UCC

Eamon de Valera and Archbishop Daniel Mannix forged an unlikely bond that helped shape Ireland before and after the Civil War, writes Eoin Hahessy 

The terminology of ‘trauma’ did not exist in 1920s Ireland, but revolutionaries had their own sophisticated understandings of the psychological implications of war and communal division writes Dr Síobhra Aiken, Queen's ¸£Àû1000ÔÚÏß Belfast